In the road transport of liquids in tankers, loading and unloading points are among the most critical stages of the entire operation.
During the summer, high temperatures intensify a common yet complex phenomenon: the generation and release of vapours at loading and unloading points.
Although often invisible, this issue has a direct impact on safety, operational efficiency and product protection.
Why Vapour Generation Increases in Summer
Vapour formation is directly linked to a product’s volatility and temperature. In hot weather:
- The kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
- Surface evaporation intensifies.
- Vapour pressure builds up inside the tank.
When the system is opened for loading or unloading, these vapours are released more intensely.
Critical Points in the Process
Top Loading Hatch
This is one of the most sensitive areas, particularly during operations carried out without closed loading systems.
Bottom Discharge Valves
The pressure difference between the inside of the tank and the outside atmosphere can cause a sudden release of vapours.
Hose Connections
Connecting and disconnecting hoses is particularly critical during the summer months.
Venting Systems
If they are not properly regulated, venting systems can become significant sources of vapour emissions.
Risks Associated with Vapour Presence
Operator Safety Risks
Exposure to chemical vapours may pose respiratory hazards or cause irritation, depending on the product being transported.
Product Loss
Evaporation results in product losses, leading to financial costs and variations in the final delivered volume.
Potentially Hazardous Atmospheres
Certain products may create flammable atmospheres if vapour emissions are not properly controlled.
Difficulties During Connections
High vapour pressure can make hose connection and disconnection procedures more challenging and less safe.
Factors That Worsen the Problem
- Prolonged high temperatures throughout the working day.
- Extended waiting periods before loading or unloading.
- Highly volatile products.
- Open or non-pressurised loading systems.
- Lack of vapour recovery systems.
Technical Control Measures in Professional Tanker Transport
✔ Closed Loading and Unloading Systems
These minimise the direct release of vapours into the atmosphere.
✔ Vapour Recovery Systems
These capture vapours so they can be recovered, reused or treated safely.
✔ Controlled Purging Procedures
These prevent dangerous vapour build-up at critical points.
✔ Tanker Ventilation Systems
These help balance internal pressure while preventing uncontrolled emissions.
✔ Safe Connection Procedures
These reduce operator exposure during loading and unloading operations.
Good Operational Practices During Summer
- Avoid unnecessary opening of the system.
- Minimise the time loading hatches remain open.
- Check internal pressure before making connections.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Follow product-specific operating procedures.
In an industry where every detail matters, effective vapour management is what distinguishes a routine operation from one that is truly safe, efficient and professionally executed.